Issue DC1100/1400, how does the "Set Back" operation work? Environment DC1100 DC1400 Drayton Set Back Cause The Set Back operation has been enabled, but does not appear to work. Resolution There are two modes of operation when using the Set Back function. 1 - Set Back Enabled - Space Night Setpoint - Disabled. - Do not use this option. Expected result At the end of occupancy, the plant will continue to operate, and the compensated setpoint temperature will reduce by the "Flow Night Setpoint" value. The display will show "Set Back". Actual result Controller switches off and displays "Outside Occupation". 2 - Set Back Enabled - Space Night Setpoint - Enabled. Space temperature above "Space Night Setpoint" setting. Controller acts as expected, it switches off and displays "Outside Occupation". Space temperature below "Space Night Setpoint" setting. The plant will switch on, and the compensated setpoint temperature will reduce by the "Flow Night Setpoint" value. The display shows "Set Back". The image below shows the appropriate section of the programming menu structure.  

Issue Are the Infilink and B-Link interchangeable or can they be converted? Product Line Andover Continuum, EcoStruxure Building Operation Environment Infilink 200 B-Link Cause Both units are RS-485 repeaters; is there a difference? Resolution You cannot convert from an Infilink 200 to a B-Link. They are both RS-485 repeaters, but the circuitry is slightly different to handle the electrical requirements of the BACnet MS/TP and the Infinet. You must use the correct unit for the network type you have. The multiple ports on both repeaters (Infilink and B-Link) allow you to construct a star topology configuration, but note that devices in each spoke (port on the repeater) MUST be connected in a daisy chain topology. Neither product contains any firmware that can be changed.

Issue 1. Cyberstation PC Windows Application Event Logs showing SQL errors about being unable to allocate space for each of the event tables. Similar to the below errors. Could not allocate space for object 'dbo.AlarmEvent'.'PK_AlarmEvent' in database 'ContinuumDB' because the 'PRIMARY' filegroup is full. Create disk space by deleting unneeded files, dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. Could not allocate space for object 'dbo.ExtendedLogReservation'.'IDX_EXTENDEDLOGRESERVATION' in database 'ContinuumDB' because the 'PRIMARY' filegroup is full. Create disk space by deleting unneeded files, dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. 2. Controllers are online but unable to modify existing objects or create new ones. In addition; all events were not being logged to the database. This was seen by reviewing the AlarmEvent, ActivityEvent, AccessEvent, AlarmEvent, and ExtendedLog tables not having any new events being recorded at all. reviewing the distribution properties after performing tasks in Continuum showed no entries at all. Normally, user events initiated from the Workstation are shown in the distribution properties window as they occur. Product Line Andover Continuum Environment Continuum Cyberstation SQL Server Warning Potential for Data Loss: The steps detailed in the resolution of this article may result in a loss of critical data if not performed properly. Before beginning these steps, make sure all important data is backed up in the event of data loss. If you are unsure or unfamiliar with any complex steps detailed in this article, please contact Product Support Services for assistance. Cause 1. One of the Database files is set to not grow with Autogrowth set to none. This stops any new data from being able to be entered into the database. One example of this is when the ContinuumDev file was modified by the end-user to inhibit its growth by changing this setting to none. Check all of the following databases files (both the DEV and LOG file) to ensure that they are all set to either autogrowth or to an adequate restricted value so that they are able to write new entries. ContinuumDB MSDB TempDB   2. The disk where the database resides does not have enough available disk space. Resolution 1. Change this database file growth setting to "by 10MB, unrestricted growth" or to an adequate restricted value. Use SQL Server Management Studio Express, see Move / Backup / Restore a database on a Single User SQL2005 Express system on where to get this if it is not already installed on your SQL Server. It is highly recommended to backup the ContinuumDB before attempting any changes to the database, steps on how to do this are in the above article. Start up SQL Server Management Studio, or in my example, Management Studio Express. Log in with your SQL SA password or windows administrator. Expand the server tree, expand the Databases tree. Right-click on ContinuumDB and select "Properties" from the menu; this will show the Database Properties window. Select the Files tab on the RH side of this window and you are now where you need to be to check the Autogrowth setting.   2. If the problem is due to disk out of space your options are; a) Make room on the disk, b) Shrink the ContinuumDB,  c) Install a larger disk in the machine.

Issue Webpages were able to be viewed from controllers in the past but no longer work. The controller can be pinged which indicates that it is online. Product Line Andover Continuum Environment B4920 BCX 99xx Windows OS Cause If running the latest versions of Microsoft Office, there are a lot of extensions installed in the registry under accepted documents which create a very long string for a HTTP request. Resolution In a test environment, Microsoft Office suite 2007 was installed for testing. Webpages could be opened from the bcx and 9702 controllers but not from the b4920 or webpages on a 9900. The latest Microsoft Office packages added a few accepted document extensions that allow things like word docs and spreadsheets to be opened in Internet Explorer. If the extensions are removed, the docs and xls files can still be downloaded and can be opened locally instead of through the browser. The TCP streams below show the different http request. Request with latest extensions: GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, */* Request with default extension: GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* If running the latest versions of Microsoft Office, there are a lot of extensions installed in the registry under accepted documents which creates a very long string for a HTTP request. In order to work around this, you can edit the registry. Editing of the registry should be done with extreme caution. Be sure to export a copy of your registry. Look under the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Accepted Documents Then you can export all of the keys under the above location and delete all but the default key. Once this has been done, restart your browser and you should be able to open your controller's webpages.

Issue When were the different TAC Vista Server versions released? When was Vista Server version 4.X.X or 5.X.X released? Need a list of release dates for TAC Vista Server Need to know approximately how old a Vista site installation is Environment TAC Vista Server Cause It would be interesting to know the release date of the different Vista Server versions Resolution All the Vista release note documents are available on the The Exchange Download Center. TAC Vista 3.11 - 1998-10-21 TAC Vista 3.21 Service Pack 1 - 2000-02-04 TAC Vista 2000 Server and Workstation 3.31 Service Pack 1 - 2001-07-04 TAC Vista 2000 Server and Workstation 3.32 - 2001-09-10 TAC Vista 2000 Server and Workstation 3.33 - 2001-12-20 TAC Vista 2000 Server and Workstation 3.33 SP2 - 2002-11-15 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.01 - 2003-02-21 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.10 - 2003-10-24 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.2 - 2004-03-10 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.2.1 - 2004-04-19 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.2.2 - 2004-06-24 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.2.3 - 2004-11-30 TAC Vista IV Server/Workstation/Menta 4.2.5 - 2005-03-21 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.3.0 - 2005-04-29 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.3.0 SP1 - 2005-05-25 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.3.1 - 2005-07-15 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.3.1 SP1 - 2005-10-31 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.4.0 - 2005-12-16 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.4.1 - 2006-03-13 TAC Vista Server and Workstation 4.4.2 - 2006-05-29 TAC Vista 4.5.0 - 2006-07-05 TAC Vista 5.0.0 - 2006-11-15 TAC Vista 5.0.1 - 2007-04-26 TAC Vista 5.0.2 - 2007-09-28 (first version to support Xenta 700) TAC Vista 5.0.3 - 2008-01-21 TAC Vista 5.1.0 - 2008-06-03 TAC Vista 5.1.1 - 2008-10-27 TAC Vista 5.1.2 - 2009-04-15 TAC Vista 5.1.3 - 2009-09-24 TAC Vista 5.1.4 - 2010-03-31 TAC Vista 5.1.5 - 2011-01-25 TAC Vista 5.1.6 - 2011-07-04 TAC Vista 5.1.7 - 2012-01-03 Note: All dates are in the form [year]-[month]-[date]  

Issue Can you cap the A port or B port of a mixing or diverting valve to change the valve to a two way (straight through) valve? Product Line Field Devices Environment VB-9313 series Cause Capping A port or B port of a mixing or diverting valve to change the valve to a two way (straight through) valve Resolution Schneider Electric does not recommend this modification for the VB-9313 series, because the valves are not equal percentage and therefore will not provide good control. The valve performs as a linear valve when both ports are utilized. These curves are not additive. Total flow is determined with both ports contributing. The valve will perform as a quick acting valve if the B port is plugged and a nominally linear valve if the A port is plugged. Additional problems that can occur are: Insufficient force to close off. Two way valves usually require high actuator forces to provide close off. Valves are not designed to be tight seating. Valves are rated ANSI III therefore flow leakage through the controlled coil can be expected. Flow direction through the valve can not be reversed. Flow must oppose the plug when closing. Flow aiding the plug may create hammer by causing the plug to overcome the actuator force and slam against the seat. When converted to a two way control valve for a variable flow system, 3-way valves tend to be extremely over-sized creating poor process control. After considering the pros and cons of making this type of modification, you may choose to proceed with this modification. The performance penalties should be less in chilled water applications and higher in hot water application.

Issue During an Enterprise Central or Enterprise Server upgrade, the upgrade is halted with a message that the "server has not stopped". "Error: server state 'ServerShuttin'"   Upgrade Fails on Server not stopped state = starting Product Line EcoStruxure Building Operation Environment Building Operation Enterprise Server Building Operation Enterprise Central Cause If the last shutdown of the ES/EC process was due to a crash or if it was stopped through the task manager, the current ES/EC server state is not updated, causing the upgrade to fail. Resolution Check that the server process is stopped: SE.SBO.EnterpriseServer.exe or SE.SBO.EnterpriseCentral.exe in the Task Manager. Open the database folder for the server in question, e.g., %programdata%\Schneider Electric EcoStruxure\Building Operation 3.2\db Edit the file: nsp_servers.serverstate Change the text "ServerShuttin" or "ServerRunning" to "ServerStopped". Save the file and try again (retry)

Issue Slow reading/writing of log values and events might be caused by a fragmented index in the SQL database. Product Line TAC Vista Environment Vista Server SQL log/event data SQL Server 2005, 2008 Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio Express Warning Potential for Data Loss: The steps detailed in the resolution of this article may result in a loss of critical data if not performed properly. Before beginning these steps, make sure all important data is backed up in the event of data loss. If you are unsure or unfamiliar with any complex steps detailed in this article, please contact Product Support Services for assistance. Cause If the SQL database has become fragmented in its index, these scripts can be run in SQL query software (e.g. Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio Express). Downloaded this software for free at: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=C243A5AE-4BD1-4E3D-94B8-5A0F62BF7796&displaylang=en Resolution Warning: Always take backups of the system prior to performing maintenance on the database. Run the following SQL query: SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(N'taclogdata'), OBJECT_ID(N'TrendLogValue'), NULL, NULL , 'DETAILED') WHERE index_level = 0 order by index_id Look at "avg_fragmentation_in_percent" Or DBCC SHOWCONTIG Look at Logical scan fragmentation If the database is fragmented, e.g more than 50% run this script to defrag the index: USE TACLOGDATA DBCC INDEXDEFRAG('taclogdata','TrendLogValue') Or USE TACLOGDATA DBCC DBREINDEX('TrendLogValue')

Issue Does I/NET support dual NICs (Network Interface Cards)? Is it possible to change which network interface card I/NET uses? Dual Network Interface Cards (NIC) will not allow selection between the Networks, option is grayed out. Product Line TAC INET, EcoStruxure Building Operation Environment I/NET 2.40 and above Cause Requirement for I/NET to have dual NIC support and option to change which network interface card I/NET uses. Resolution A New feature released with I/NET Seven 2.40 now allows I/NET to support dual network interface cards (NIC). The intent is to allow I/NET and Video the capability of using different Ethernet networks. This option also allows which network I/NET (and / or Video) uses. These settings are changed via the Advanced WAN Configuration (Advanced IP button) via the I/NET Configuration Editor (see image below). Requirements: I/NET Configuration needs to have TCPIP enabled and hardware (Ethernet card) needs to be installed on PC, I/NET (or I/O Server) must be running to select the Advanced IP button (Advanced WAN Configuration). If the PC is configured with multiple network cards, the above shown drop-down lists will be active: I/NET network Video network Use the drop-downs to select a network card for each network. You can use the same card for both networks, or you can use a unique card for each network. By using two networks, you can separate I/NET traffic from video traffic and conserve bandwidth on each network. NOTE: If you have dual Network Interface Cards and you are not able to select between these networks (so they are grayed out) you must have the following minimum requirements configured for this option to be available in the I/NET Editor: A Physical connection to its connection media. (i.e. A connected network status. If you have a status indicating Limited or no connectivity you will not be able to select between Interface cards). Valid IP address and subnet mask Valid Gateway IP address. (If you have no gateway router on the network then select a valid IP address within the same IP range, usually the IP of the PC is the best option here.) If you are using wireless NIC and have issue to choose it, refer to Host number conflict on a computer with dual Network Interface Cards (NIC).

Issue Your laptop does not have a native serial (RS232) port. Can a USB-to-Serial adapter be used to connect to a Sigma controller via the SDCU utility? Product Line Satchwell BAS & Sigma Environment Satchwell Sigma Controllers SDCU Cause Modern laptops typically omit legacy RS232 serial ports in favor of USB interfaces. The SDCU utility requires a serial connection to communicate with Sigma controllers. Without a native serial port, a USB-to-Serial adapter is needed to emulate the required RS232 interface. Resolution Yes, a USB-to-Serial RS232 adapter can be used to SDCU a Sigma controller. Follow these steps to ensure proper setup: 🔧 Step-by-Step Instructions Connect the USB-to-Serial Adapter Plug the USB-Serial lead into your laptop. For first-time use, install the driver provided with the adapter (typically from the manufacturer like FTDI or Prolific). Verify COM Port Assignment Navigate to: My Computer > View System Information > Hardware > Device Manager > Ports (COM & LPT) Note the COM port number assigned to the adapter (e.g., COM3). ⚠️ This port number may change each time the adapter is reconnected. Connect to the Controller Use the SDCU lead to bridge between the USB-Serial adapter and the Sigma controller. Launch SDCU Utility Open the SDCU software. Set the communication port to match the COM port identified in Step 2. Configure the Controller Proceed with controller configuration as required. SDCU Cable Pinouts ✅ Compatibility Notes Supported Adapters: FTDI and Prolific chipsets are commonly compatible. Troubleshooting Tip: If communication fails, verify driver installation and COM port settings. Try a different USB port if needed. 🔗 Related Articles USB Serial Adapter Compatibility with Sigma

Issue AMT Event Messages Environment I/NET Seven AMT Cause AMT messages are used to diagnose certain system problems. This table can be used to interpret data when an alarm comes in, or needs to be acknowledged, the user can easily reference what is going on. This table was taken from TCON300.  This TCON is updated regularly, so to view the version which works best with your release of I/NET, select START>All Programs>I/NET>Technical Reference Guide. Look on page 3-26. Resolution Note: Most AMT Message "Event Types" are appended with the I/NET Users initials as defined in the Host Passwords.  It is also possible to see the "root" user name appear here, this is when you are using a Xenta Server that is controlling points in the I/NET system.  For example you may see the term "Control root" under the Event Type column.  This indicates that the associate I/NET point has been control by a Xenta Server.   Use this table to interpret AMT messages  

Issue The TAC Vista OPC server does not function using the evaluation license file for TAC Vista. Product Line TAC Vista Environment TAC Vista Server Evaluation License TAC Vista OPC Server Cause The TAC Vista OPC Server license is a separate license needed when a third-party program should read values from TAC Vista via OPC.  The TAC Vista OPC Server license is not included in the Evaluation License for TAC Vista.  Resolution If you had an existing OPC Server license and this needs to be transferred to a new PC, rehost the license as shown in the article Rehosting a Vista 5 License on the FlexNet License Server. If you need an evaluation license for TAC OPC Server, please contact your country-level Product Support.

Issue The I/Net Seven Help button goes to Windows Help instead of I/Net Help Product Line TAC INET Environment I/Net Seven Software versions 2.40, 2.40A, 2.41, 2.42 and above. Windows 7 (32Bit & 64 Bit), Server 2008R2 (32 Bit), Server 2008R2 (64 Bit)       Note: In Windows 10 (64 Bit) the Online Function was removed by Micrsoft Cause There are some Windows Downloads, from the Microsoft Web site, that needs to be manually installed on the PC.    Resolution Go to TCON Number and Title Cross Reference (with links) and download TCON 298 (Dated 4/12) Chapter 1, Page 2 see the note in the middle of that page for the required windows download to solve this issue. Also if you look in the readme.txt file in any of the I/Net 2.4X release you will see this comment: 9. If installing I/NET on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008R2 or Windows Server 2008R2 64 bit the following must be done to allow I/NET online help to work.  I/NET Seven's online help is a 32-bit ".hlp" file. In order to view I/NET Seven online help on Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008, you must first download "WinHlp32.exe" from Microsoft and install it on your workstation. Note: there are different downloads for 32 bit and 64 bit OS's WinHlp32 downloads.   Links to download WinHlp32.exe: Windows 8.1 : http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=40899 Windows 8 : http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=35449 Windows 7 : http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=91 Windows Server 2008 : http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=19771 Windows Server 2008 R2 : http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=4424 Windows Vista : http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=5143

Issue After a new Menta application was downloaded through Vista the IO modules indicated offline with a fast flash of the green indication light. Environment Vista 5.x.x Cause The Xenta controller is using too much workspace memory. This can be seen from the memory allocation in Menta. Resolution The TAC Menta Technical Manual describes work area as the following: Work Area - Data created when executing the application program. For example, output status and time schedules.   Removing some of the time schedule holiday chart links will reduce the work area memory usage. Once this memory is in a positive free figure, the application can be downloaded and the IO will return to normal operation.

Issue Running reports on Extended Logs shows no data Environment Continuum system Cause Possible Causes: Other programs currently running extended logging (pre-1.7x style). Time sync errors Cyberstation preference is set to false Resolution Check that you do not have programs running that are performing extended logging the pre-1.7x style. Any programs that were used for extended logging should be disabled or removed. Check the Continuum Error Log listview and see if there are time sync errors. A difference of more than 5 minutes between the Master controller and the Cyberstation will stop extended logging from working properly. You will see an error indicating that the time difference has been exceeded. Ensure the Cyberstation preference is set to True Download Extended Log Data from Controllers on the LAN(RAS) If it was set to false, Stop/Restart Continuum Run List views of all points, (inputs, outputs, numerics) Example: In Explorer, Go to ListView> Listview_Infinity Inputs > Edit Click Columns> Add a Column Add ExtLogEnable Check Off Edit box Click Apply then the General Tab Run the listview Select Edit> Select All Select Object> Set Attributes Select ExtLogEnable, For Value type in True and Click OK, OK Select View> Refresh list and the attributes are set to true Repeat this for Outputs and Numerics Wait for awhile beyond how often you are logging your points. Run reports to verify data is being logged. NOTE: Occasionally, after an upgrade, you may need to set all the extended log enable attributes to FALSE FIRST and then to true again for inputs, outputs and numerics to get them working. Data may have been logging and then stopped. The data range requested in the report doesn’t have data, but there is data in the database. Here are some tips on verifying the data in the database. Using Enterprise Manager Use Query Analyzer against the Continuumdb Select * from extendedlog Using OSQL Go to a command prompt Enter in osql –Uandover97 –Ppyramid97 –S then enter (this assumes default user and pw, change if needed. –S needs to be followed by your server name Once you hit enter you’ll be brought to the 1> prompt At the 1> Prompt hit the Enter key 1> select * from ExtendedLog Type Go the Enter If values are returned, then extended logging is working. Type quit (to exit OSQL) Type Exit to close the DOS window

Issue A message that can be intercepted by a guard at a monitoring station. When you configure your access control system to accept PINs, I/NET has the ability to detect PIN entries When you configure your access control system to accept PINs, I/NET has the ability to detect PIN entries made under duress conditions. For example, if an employee is being forced to provide an unauthorized individual access into a secure area, the employee can substitute the final digit of their PIN with a digit that indicates a duress condition. In this case, I/NET will allow access but will also silently generate a duress message that can be intercepted by a guard at a monitoring station. Product Line TAC INET Environment TAC I/NET Seven with Access Control using a pin pad. Cause Duress entrance causes a security guard to be notified that there is a situation to be resolved. Resolution Duress detection is active anytime a door is operating in a mode that requires the entry of a PIN. I/NET supports selectable duress schemes that you can assign on a per-tenant basis. The following duress schemes are available: Default — I/NET's default duress scheme detects when an individual substitutes their PIN with a substitute number. The default duress last pin is 9. The duress code is the user's PIN number with the last digit changed. For example, 12345 becomes 12349. Add n (where n is a value from 1 to 9) — I/NET detects when an individual substitutes a digit of their PIN with a predetermined digit. For more information on this sensitive topic, contact Product Support to begin a conversation about Duress Notification in I/NET.

Issue The RUSKeyUtility.exe displays a “Vendor lib cannot be found” error when applying license a V2C file to Cyberstation. Product Line Andover Continuum Environment Andover Continuum Cyberstation Software License Cause There are three main reasons for the error : The “C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Aladdin Shared\HASP” folder path is not added to the Windows Path system variable. The folder path is added to the Windows Path system variable, but the “haspvlib_84344.dll” file does not exist in the “C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Aladdin Shared\HASP” folder. The folder path is added to the Windows Path system variable, and the “haspvlib_84344.dll” file exists in the “C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Aladdin Shared\HASP” folder, but the “haspvlib_84344.dll” file is damaged. Resolution Add the path to the  Windows Path system variable. Select the Advanced tab from Control Panel -> System -> Advanced system settings Click the Environment Variables button Highlight the Path Click the Edit button and add the C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Aladdin Shared\HASP path Request the latest “haspvlib_84344.dll” file from Product Support and copy it to the folder. Request the latest “haspvlib_84344.dll” file from Product Support and copy it to the folder to replace the damaged one.  

Issue After completing the installation for 2.0 WebClient the first attempt to logon results in HTTP Error 500.21 Internal Server Error logging into WebClient. Trying to register .NET 2 using aspnet_regiis.exe produces  ASP.NET setup custom has stopped working. Product Line Andover Continuum Environment WebClient Cause .NET 4 not registered with IIS Resolution Register .NET 4 with IIS from Command Prompt (NOTE: Run command prompt as administrator)

Issue Can not enter the unlock code in WorkPlace Tech Purchasing Software, the “Unlock” button is grayed out. Environment WorkPlace Tech Tool software, release 5.7 or newer Cause WorkPlace Tech Purchasing Program was not properly closed after the codes were generated.  The Purchase program was closed using the “X” button, not the “Done” button.  Registry and file information does not get saved to the computer when the purchase program is closed using the “X” button. Resolution Re-run the purchasing program and select the same options. This time close the purchasing program using the "Done” button, not the “X” button.

Issue A Macro comes installed in the default directories with Menta.  This macro will create a PWM signal that can be used for a variety of purposes in Menta.  It will not, however, drive most industry-standard PWM hardwired actuators.  For information on this, see Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) outputs in Menta. Product Line TAC Vista Environment Menta PWM actuator Cause Creating an a pulse width modulated output. Resolution Go to Program Files > TAC Menta > Library > Macro Block Library > Miscellaneous > Function > PWM.aut and PWM.doc These two files will give you a PWM function for Menta and an explanation. In simulation mode it will appear that the PWM increments at very crude levels but when the application is downloaded the processor actually runs at less than 1 second increments. Download this application to a controller and connect up a transducer and vary the control signal to be comfortable with the performance. Use a PVR block to generate a manually controlled signal.